Passwords are used to restrict access to a CISCO router. Passwords can be given to the virtual terminal lines and the console line. Moreover, password can be set privileged EXEC mode. This page will provide the information to set up CISCO router password to virtual terminal lines, console lines and privileged mode. Even more, you will learn how to encrypt the password also. Show Why console password is required? Console password is useful on a network on which multiple people have to access to the router. The persons who are not authorized, can't access the router. Thus it prevents unauthorized person from accessing the router. Configuring console password of a CISCO routers:
Commands for configuring console password Router>enable Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#password cisco Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)# Why virtual terminal password is required? Virtual terminal password refers to telnet password. Through telnet, you can access the router and can change anything. So, it's really important to protect the use of telnet by giving a strong password. Configuring virtual terminal password of a CISCO router: Different hardware has different no of vty lines defined. Cisco has the range 0 to 4 vty lines. It means it has 5 vty lines. You can set the password of vty lines by the following steps:
Commands for configuring virtual terminal password Router>enable Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#password cisco Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)# Why enable password is required? Enable password is required to restrict the access of privileged EXEC mode. Configuring enable password of a CISCO router: From the global configuration mode, use the command enable password to restrict access to privileged EXEC mode. However, this password is visible in the routers configuration file. To encrypt the password, enable secret command is required. By using enable secret command the password is encrypted and can't be readable to a human. Commands for configuring enable password Enable password: Router>enable Router#config Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#enable password cisco Router(config)# Perform password encryption: Router>enable Router#config Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#enable secret cisco Router(config)# How to encrypt all the CISCO router password? By default all the passwords of a CISCO router is readable in clear text in the configuration file. This is a great security threat if someone read it and configure or change the router configuration. So, to protect form display the password, service password-encryption command is used to encrypt the passwords. Service password-encryption is a global command and encrypt the passwords:
By following the above steps you can easily configure CISCO router passwords. More Cisco ROUTER INFO: http://blog.router-switch.com/
We will start with physical security, followed by basic controls like implementing a password strategy, sign posting via login banners, and the use of SSH for improved and confidential configuration management. Common Threats to Physical InstallationsInformation security policies should be based on risk analysis and risk management. Risk is based on the probability of threats exploiting assets with certain vulnerabilities. We have had threats to physical installations since the dawn of networking; however, these threats are augmented by some of the technology transit we see now a days. For example, it is a lot more likely to do poor handling of key electrical components in a modular device switch or router that requires installation of modules, installation of blades, and network cards to either expand its functionality or add more horsepower. Power loss and other electrical threats become a big issue, knowing how we are consolidating devices, servers, and applications in data centers and trying to scale up to the number of connections and number of users that we want to serve. This can put a strain in our power management components and may result in a security incident, not necessarily related to a malicious attack. Configuring Router PasswordBut again, the security is a multidimensional practice and so not only do we need to care about physical threats and physical security, but also access control and management control into the routers. 
We have seen these commands already to configure line access into the device for management purposes. Each line can have its own password, or you can tie all of the lines to a local user database. You could even think about transporting or centralizing that user database in the form of a AAA server and have all devices querying that server in order to obtain authentication information. Management should also be based on roles; this is what we know as role-based access control and so you should have users for certain functions in the device and other users that have access to privileged functions, which initially are set and defined by the enable and enable secret commands. Even if you are using local authentication it is highly advisable to have users defined with appropriate privilege level. To force a user login process (Authentication) you need to switch to “AAA new-model” and to create a user. Again if you are using secret instead of password your configuration will be stronger.
Configuring the Loggin BannerInformation is power and as users get acquainted with the security policy, they will be in better position to comply with it or identify the situations in which the policies are not being fulfilled. A simple banner with this command – banner logging could convey the message of the access policy into routers and other devices for management purposes. It could also include information in terms of support and incident response. Telnet vs. SSH AccessConfidentiality is key to any match on infrastructure. Not only are you changing passwords, which if sent in clear text could be exploited and known by malicious attackers or perhaps even nonmalicious attackers. But you are also sharing configuration files of routers and network devices and sending errors and notification massages back and forth across the network for troubleshooting purposes and for documentation purposes. Traditional tools like Telnet will not include the confidentiality mechanisms, and that is why it is recommended to move to encrypted sessions like SSH or implement cryptographic technologies that provide confidentiality, but also integrity and endpoint authentication via strong authentication.
We are talking about encryption keys and digital certificates. In configuring something like SSH, you have to consider the whole process from creation of keys to role-based access control via a local user database as shown in the figure to key management and time synchronization, so keys are not considered expired. Our Recommended Premium CCNA Training ResourcesThese are the best CCNA training resources online: Click Here to get the Cisco CCNA Gold Bootcamp, the most comprehensive and highest rated CCNA course online with a 4.8 star rating from over 30,000 public reviews. I recommend this as your primary study source to learn all the topics on the exam. And click here for a free trial of AlphaPrep premium practice tests when youre ready to test your knowledge. They have the largest question bank, with adaptive tests and advanced reporting which tells you exactly when you are ready to pass the real exam. |
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